Hardware Replacement Project Essay

Assignment 1 computer hardware Replacement stray Hardware Replacement stray Your Name Instructors Name Date Assignment 2 The IT- department in implementing a impertinent CRM solution to its corporate offices. The hardware currently in use is out of date and pull up stakes non support the CRM practical application. The hardware must replace prior to deployment. How do the fin major vari satisfactorys of regard management-scope, epoch, make up, quality, and risk relate to this scenario? Scope Defines what work is or is not all(prenominal)ow ind in a project.For example, the scope of a Project for a new order processing administration might take new modules for inputting orders And transmitting them to production and accounting but not any changes to related accounts Receivable, manufacturing, distribution, or inventory control schemas. Project management Defines all the work required to complete a project successfully, and should ensure that the Scopes of a project n ot expand beyond what was originally intended. conviction Time is the amount of clock required to complete the project.Project management typically establishes the amount of time required to complete major components of a Project. from each one of these components is further broken down into activities and tasks. Project Management tries to determine the time required to complete each task and establish a plan for completing the work. Cost Is based on the time to complete a project multiplied by the daily cost of adult male Resources required completing the project. Information systems project costs also include The cost of hardware, software, and work space.Project management develops a budget for The project and monitors current project expenses. Risk Refers to potential problems that would threaten the success of a project. These emf problems might prevent a project from achieving its objectives by increasing time And cost, lowering the quality of project outputs, or preve nting the project from being realized altogether. We discuss the most important risk factors for information systems Projects later in this section. Assignment 3What consideration must be applied when selecting projects that chuck up the sponge the better business value? A project is a be after series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective. Information systems projects include the development of new information systems, Enhancing existing systems, or projects for replacing or upgrading the firms information Technology (IT) infrastructure. Project management refers to the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints.Project management activities include planning the work, assessing risk, estimating resources required to Accomplish the work, organizing the work, acquiring human and material resources, assigning Tasks, directing activities, controlling project execution, r eporting progress, and analyzing the Results. As in other areas of business, project management for information systems must muckle With five major variables scope, time, cost, quality, and risk. What factors that influence project risk? Results of not contact or achieving the goal the company needs.Some systems development projects are to a greater extent likely to expect into problems or to suffer delays Because they carry a untold higher level of risk than others. The level of project risk is Influenced by project size, project structure, and the level of technical expertise of the Information systems mental faculty and project team. The larger the projectas indicated by the What strategies would you recommend for minimizing the projects risks? In a parallel strategy, both the old system and its potential substitution are run Together for a time until e veryone is assured that the new one functions correctly.The old System remains available as a backup in case of problems. And the direct cutover strategy Replaces the old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day, carrying the Risk that thither is no system to fall back on if problems arise. Minimizing the projects risks would be tight for me I would really have to pack someone that would be more than of a High Tech IT- to be sure that all the risks that whitethorn come with increaseing new software systems would be easy to manage for a lower tech that may be in house of the company, in my opinion when you change the entire systems to be updated there has to be a happy medium.In order to mention all systems run the representation they need to. Data for any company is very important in throttleing it safe from and harm during the new change processing as well. The strategies I would consider would be to make sure that every data within the company had a storage space to keep it in to avoid the risks of losing it, I would also make sure that we would start with a small portion of t he updating to make sure that this new operating(a) system would work for the company as well.There are galore(postnominal) OS available to bigger companys and provide very good updates for the companys new systems that can and do run excellent without having a lot of risk or problems, but it was time-tested before actually putting in to action and use. This gave the company a better view and was able to train the employees that were going to need to know, fix, and keep the main performance and upkeep of them. Any organization can add a new OSs, but the key is learning to the best of your ability to make sure that it will keep the company functioning to its best and completing the goals and requirements it needs to keep them in business as well.Also if you keep your organization with the right level of systems updating then you can be sure that you dont need to hire a High tech IT service to have the up keep kept up and you are more likely to be able to train your existing IT, th is will also save costs because you will not need to constantly call the high tech when you get a small problem. Keeping the operating system to the level of the project and the risk would most likely be less than having a system that would be overboard to what each company needs.

Benedict’s Rule

Benedicts Rule, a text file that alleged(a)ly details the fashion a accepted Christian moldiness be suck in to actually be a true Christian, and non a mere Sun daylight churchgoer, is a curious text. It is masterminded approximatelyly at those who wish to dedicate their whole lives to God, written mostly for monks. However, it is often requiren to be a guide to how all Christians should be comport despite the fact that on that point argon quite a few things that differ rather drastically from what the script says. It is my opinion, thus, that this text apprize non be used as a plant interpretation of Gods vision for Christians.Before beginning dealing with twain this text and the watchword, I essential note that the Bible contains controversial information. some clock times the tales be of humans that strove hard and failed, and their failure when taken literally and not as a lesson can serve as a apprehensionful example. Other times, tales atomic number 18 sho wn to demonstrate how not to do, and at that place atomic number 18nt real many instances that there be direct commandments towards humanity. That is why I have decided to use one(a) particular section of the Bible the treatment on the hinge upon, as it is a depiction of Christ speaking immediately and clearly to the people to show what he takes of them.It is a condensation of the Bible in many managements. And, as we shall see in direct comparison, what the Bible says are the direct words of God do not accord even closely what St. Benedict wants of the people. First of all, the text explicitly shows a bias towards monks. Even though it was written for monasteries, the author does not look to accept any other mannikin of moralityper. Only those who are monks are actually pleasing to God or, at least, such an expression I garnered from get a lineing the text.And, even then, traveling monks, those, who have no stable monastery are frowned upon deeply and insinuated wi th all sorts of sins (Always roving and never settled, they indulge their passions and the cravings of their appetite, and are in e real way worse than the Sarabaites. BR, chapter 1). Elitism, however, is one of the things Christian belief rises against the most. Christianity is not the religion of some Elite, it is the religion of the many, and it is for everyone, who allow take the time and trouble to know God. all person can do it, and there is no need to lead a special, especially righteous life story in a monastery. No, indeed, a true Christian is a man of the elevateder(prenominal) world, a man of heaven, who descends unto the Earth to aid those in need of focus here. Someone might protest on this one that monasteries are of broad value. I do not underestimate the importance of monasteries in the enormous work that is Christianity scholars and keepers of lore are as valued in the Christian tradition as in any other. However, neither are they the most great.The most i mportant is the average, everyday person, who has his or her own relationship with Deity. The aim of Christianity was never to create an elite, it was to have everyone transmute into an elite. This requires not monasteries as places of sex segregation a monk may not even eat away(p) of a monastery, as chapter 51 of Benedicts rule states save as schools admitting all those who wish to learn truly A segmentation between worshippers is not only unnecessary, only when overly harmful to the cause, and dogma it to the people who would be teachers is just plain detestation, if an unintended one.Second, as we can see in Benedicts rule, he depicts things such as humility, silence, and et cetera as being rather, well, showy. For instance, humility Benedict shows that humility is to be verbalize of out loud, at least in the middle degrees of it. This is not humility, nevertheless the opposite, exaltation. Even the he mentions greater humility later on it unbosom does not seem to be the most important. Formal observance seems to take precedence over the simple and impartial, if at times clumsy, task of accompaniment a right life, shows seem to be more important than honest service.Monasteries are supposed to be quiet and devoted to their given tasks, not showing off their more-humble-than-thou-art. This is devoutly un-Christian. The Bible says, however, that things such as worship should be kept in secret and not because of a fear of nosy neighbors, either The mysteries of God are simple, yet, when occulted, they gain great origin for the transformation of the one that works with these mysteries. However, as with any occult knowledge, when revealed, it becomes abruptly useless and even false.Like decorations out of a good drama, when brought to daylight, they are nothing but flashs gold and the alchemical transmutation of fools gold into real gold only occurs in solitude and darkness, only after a person has sought his on way to God and fought his own battles on it. One might oppose me in that monasteries are there to leave the lights within this darkness, for the lone traveler and newbie to use. Monasteries are supposed to lead the exemplary life, one for which the average believer should strive. Yet how much of an example is it, if it is impossible to follow because of the elitism?A true teaching goes out to the students of this teaching, it does not attempt to shroud knowledge in baubles. Yes, showing an exemplary life originally was one of their bleeds however, such things must be through with(p) very carefully, and never massively. Yes, certain shreds of enlightenment, certain way markers can be transplanted from one person to another and a staple education is never a bad thing. However, usually such things are not given in monasteries. They are not careful enough, not competent enough, and too massive for their own good and, even if they were good enough, what truth about God was ever learned in a classroom?It and the teacher in it can aid in pinpointing the way, not be the Truth itself. Added to the usually reclusive and yet arrogant life of the monasteries, what comes of it is more an indoctrination than anything else. And this leads us to the next un-Christian thing I found in Benedicts Rule. Benedict speaks much of obedience. (As soon as anything hath been commanded by the Superior they permit no delay in the execution, as if the matter had been commanded by God Himself. , chapter 5) However, he speaks of obedience to humans, not to God.He says that those high up in the Church are Gods elect for this work, and should be obeyed as God would be obeyed, for they are always vessels for His will. We shall not even get into the whole discussion of where saying that the Church hierarchs escape the basic gift of God Free Will leads. Omitting that, we shall focus on the fact that everything is, in its own way, a test from God. If subscribing to the theodicy of the fact that evil exists as a too l for our learning and growth, the fallacies of another can likewise be regarded in this respect.Preaching blind obedience, when one of the basics of Christianity is Ask, and it will be given to you seek, and you will find knock, and it will be opened to you. (Matthew 72)? The process of seeking has always involved thinking for oneself, separating the wheat from the chaff, deciphering the hallowed Book that is Life and Christ itself not merely obeying those who are also on this search, and may be going down a defile alleyway, for to be human is to err Christianity is a religion that is supposed to countenance freedom, not to suffocate it within the throngs of hierarchy.In Benedicts Rule there is much emphasis on formality. When prayers are to be said, how gifts are supposed to be given, and so on. (CHAPTER XVI How the Work of God Is to Be Performed during the daytime, et cetera). The proper procedure for communion with God is quite important, that no one can deny, however, it is not by chance that the Sermon on the Mount focuses upon the inner motivations (But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be guilty before the court Matthew 522) and not on the outside manifestation.One might say that an outer manifestation, such as the keeping of formalness, is important as well. After all, is it not by ceremony that we recognize and discover? Is it not the symbol that shows us the way? Is it not the atmosphere that is created with these symbols and formalness that beginning teaches us the essence of religion, is within them not the spirit of Christianity itself? Yes, and I do not mean to contradict that in any kind of way. However, as a word written on a rogue can never replace the object itself, so the symbols of religion should not become the core of religion, and this should be remembered.Christianity, when it first arose, was a religion of personalized experience. It was something that you felt and worked with, and it and its o uter expressions was individual for every believer. Everyone was his own judge, in the end. Any outer rules that came into existence for Christianity, though important, were secondary, not primary. The code of conduct is a useful thing, however, it if the monks to whom it is addressed are good monks has no value whatsoever. It would be valuable for those striving to be monks, for complete novices, but not for those who have done the inner work.For, if one heeds the Bible, which frowns even upon evil thoughts, good actions should follow. The formalities are a necessary subsequence to real inner faith. What would be good is advice on wisdom, on how to make decisions, and not on the formalities. impost is important and beautiful, but not to this extent. It should not become dogma, accepted on faith as Gospel and as too many would want it to be. As we can see, the text Benedicts Rule, if read with care, can be seen as even contradicting the Bible.Such is the price of human betise such is the price of people attempting to judge the inner world by outer laws. Not a gentle mingling, growing into each other, which is done within every true individuals hearts but a forcible mashing together of the two things that should be one, yet are now separate. This task, to be done, must include letting go of the reins of association and entrusting the process within the hands of an individual human and God, though this is very difficult.Christianity is not supposed to force this relationship, as Benedict states, with punishments (At the day hours, however, whoever doth not arrive for the Work of God after the verse and the Gloria of the first psalm, which is said after the verse, let him stand in the last place, fit in to the rule which we stated above and let him not attempt to plug into the choir of the chanters until he hath made satisfaction, unless, perchance, the Abbots permission hath given him leave to do so, with the understanding that he atone the fault after wards chapter 43).However, it is supposed to softly show those who made a mistake that it was a mistake. As Socrates said, in that respect is not one person that would do evil if they knew it was evil. This is true, and Christianitys function is to enlighten the people, to aid them in stopping making mistakes. How many times could a teacher force someone to learn? None. But a teacher who awakens within his pupils not fear, but a desire to learn, will succeed in being a good teacher. Benedict, though he tries valiantly, fails this difficult task.

Language awarenes

The students may practice session the structure for present habits He uses to soak up a lot of coffee. 2. The pronunciation of the positive underframe and the proscribe form is the same / uSST tall which may cause the students to still write the interdict form with d I didnt used to watch TV. Possible solutions and exercises 1 . To compare used to for past habits with Present Simple for present habits. serve pair work Ask and answer questions about your lives now and when you were electric shaverren. The students use clear structures such as What do you do on sunshine I usually/often watch TV. What did you do when you were a child?I used to help may mother in the garden. 2. deal in the gaps with used to or use to exercise with positive and negative sentences such as When I lived in London .. Drink a lot of tea. He didnt. Read a lot when he was a child. LEXICAL SET Lexical set borrow conduct spell of speech verb Meaning borrow something (from someone), (borrowed (ap t, up) someone, (lent (apt, up)) lend someone something boras/, abroad/ /lend/, lent/ lend something to Borrow shows that something is (temporarily) taken from other person. Lend shows that something is (temporarily) given to another person. loafer I borrow your dictionary for 2 days? Am I taking your dictionary from you? Yes Am I taking your dictionary forever more(prenominal)? zero(prenominal) I am taking it for 2 days only. net you lend me 100 dollars until the end of the month please? Are you full-grown some money to me? Yes Are you giving the money forever? No. Only until the end of the month. Teaching level and context Pre-intermediate level petition for a favor or help, talking about money topics In the bank, Between friends Anticipated problems 1 . Mistaking lend with borrow Can you borrow me your car? /He borrows me some kooks. 2.Intermediate, talking about problems, denial topics Are you your own Master? , The worst day in my life-time Anticipated problems Some students may think that using idioms makes their English more native and use them excessively. They may have difficulties in which context and location a colloquial language is appropriate. (Headway) Possible solutions and exercises Association of the red as a color of anger can help students to remember the meaning. develop the students that at this level they are exposed to colloquial language with cognition purposes and they are not expected to use idioms.

Porter Generic Strategies on Indian Automobile Induatry Essay

PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGY automobile SectorMARUTHI Low Cost harvest Differentiated attendProduct priceMaruthi build high w everys of safety against competition by its very(prenominal) competitive pricing i.e. pricing as mortified as realistic for the particular product. Maruthi has likewise been a company that has strived for sustainable development with their threesome R framework standing for reduce, recycle, reuse in its plants, so that thither is a minimal stress on resources emphasizing on baseborn court while retaining their promise to the client. Maruthi Product Target Market PricingAs important for menial cost provider they are besides backed by huge economies of scale as depicted belowCustomer ServiceIn the other hand maruthi has been sought by people for its distribution and service availability across the length and fullness of the nation. Yes, you can get lost in India, but chances are thither will be a Maruti Suzuki Service Station close at han d. Wherever you go, across the length and breadth of this vast nation, our service cyberspace follows. boasts maruthi relying on its widest service network servicing more than 40,000 cars a day. Maruthi has been No.1 in the J D Power Customer Satisfaction Award for a staggering 13 years in a row. Its a survey that rates the after-sales service experience, hotshot that no other international car market attraction has won even once. witnessMaruthi.co.inTATA bell LEADERSHIPTata motors is a part of the conglomerate TATA and their focus is to provide cost effective solution to their customers going in line with their mission of To be passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences that excite our customers globally. Source Tatamotors.com Focusing on values like Integrity, Accountability, Innovation, Passion for excellence with their focus to provide low cost solution ranging from TATA flag mark product NANO. The following portrayal gives the price list f or thecars,Source Car pricedhekho.comTheir economies of scale are one of the highest in the industry signifying the low cost in production also reuse and less emphasis on design features and these coupled with their alone(predicate) processing of fixing reverse methodology of pricing the product offset and thereby innovating and designing so as to fit the price makes them the leader in providing low cost solutions reaching out the customers. TATA also boasts it service network being wide and reachable in almost all corners of the nation but their main focus and strive is on providing low cost solutions.MAHINDRA DIFFERENTIATION (BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY)Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) manufactures utility vehicles (UVs), tractors, commercial vehicles (CVs), three-wheelers and gensets. Mahindra was the first operator when it comes to utility vehicles in India and has an indomitable market and place in customer mind when their focus is on transaction under optimal price. It is Indias market l eader in UVs and tractors and In land, Mahindra has dominant fate in all its segments Source SIAM, Company Data, Credit Suisse estimatesMahindra earns a competitive returns via a combination of a tractor and UV business in India which event very little or no competition. Mahindra brought in SUVs in Indian market focusing on raw power and performance with the debut of Bolero and the launch of Scorpio has proven to be a game-changer for the company and has alleviate it transform its image from a people-mover to luxury SUV manufacturer followed by launch of its most-awaited XUV 500 dominating the SUV category with its differentiated products. All this was keenly observed by famous strategist and thinker Mr. C K Prahlad and named the firm milieu as FORTRESS MAHINDRA. Fortress Mahindra means that if you go into a certain mobility business where you can share procurement, where you can share inquiry and development synergies, where you can share logistics, where you can share bran d, you can share channel and then create a mobility web where it becomes easier to enter amobility business that somebody else cant and easier to defend when somebody tries to emulate. Source Business Today

René Descartes Essay

My purpose is to twine tout ensemble those who think metaphysics worth studying that it is absolutely necessary to disruption a moment and, regarding all that has been done as though undone, to fancy first the preliminary question, Whether such a thing as metaphysics dejection be even possible at all? (Kant 233) These types of questions asked by philosopher Immanuel Kant revolutionized the delegacy humans shoot sense of the world, and more specifically how the human hear functions. Kant shed a light on prior theories and analogies, eliminating some of the around important beliefs as unjustifiable.He synthesized the two prior beliefs of freethinking and Empiricism, and preached that in our world, Concepts without intuitions argon empty, intuitions without fantasys are blind. (Fehir) I cogitate that Kants Constructivism is a superior alternative to Rationalism and Empiricism. Before Kants cerebration of constructivism, philosopher David Hume made a claim that all objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided into two kinds transaction of ideas, and matters of fact. In simpler terms, all sockledge must either be categorise as a prior (prior knowledge), or posteriori (post knowledge).Kants put this system to a test and asked if a truth is not trustworthy because of our experiences, nor is it true because of the grammar or meanings of the sentences of our language, how else could it be defined? (Higgins and Martin 232) Kant synthesized rationalism and empiricism by discarding their flaws and compounding their strengths. Grisell 2 Kant agrees with philosophers such as Pluto and Descartes that there are born(p) ideas. Knowledge of the nature of reality derives from ideas of the intellect, not the senses.The concept of self, substance, and identity do not need to be tested through science we know they exist simply by thinking and interpreting. Furthermore, Kant agrees that the self is real and perceptible through immediate intellectu al intuition. This understanding relates to Cogito ergo sum, a arguing from Descartes, which recognizes that someone wondering whether or not he or she exists is, in and of itself, proof that something, an I, exists to do the thinking. Kant also agrees with philosophers such as Aristotle and Hume who soil that our senses are the primary, or only, source of knowledge of world.For example, we know that water boils at 212 degrees because we have observed it through experience. Kant explains that there are two distinguishable worlds the phenomenal (apparent) world versus the noumenal (real) world. The phenomenal world is a world of things, publically observable, describable by science, known to the senses, and determined by physical laws. In this world, we feces generate facts through trial and experiment, using our senses to determine a definitive answer (e. g. water boils at 212 degrees). Through Kants improve theory of constructivism, he can make conclusions based upon his find ings.Both rationalism and empiricism are wrong when they claim that we can know things in themselves. Rationalists are wrong not to trust senses in the phenomenal world, senses are all we have. Hume is wrong when he claims the concept of self is unsupported by senses, and therefore false. Rather, the experiencing self is a pre-condition for having any experience at all (Descartes was right). Kants Copernican revolution of the thought synthesized rationalism and empiricism. What Kant suspected, and what many philosophers believe today, is that our ideas-our Grisell 3concepts and our language- do not just correspond to reality scarce in some sense shape and set-up the world, impose upon the world (and) the structures we experience. (Higgins and Martin 230) He believes that objects conform to knowledge. An example that displays this type of thinking is the Abraham Lincoln analogy. If a muzzy picture of Abraham Lincoln is displayed to someone who is familiar with what Abraham Lincol n looks like, they can make sense of the image and acknowledge what they are seeing. A person who has no clue what Abraham Lincoln looks like will have no understand of what their eyes are viewing.This requires prior knowledge from a person, gained through individualized experience using their eyes. Although it is simply an analogy, this type of idea was what gave Kant the principle of synthetical a prior. Kants revolution changed our conception of reality, our conception of knowledge, and most importantly, our concept of ourselves. I personally believe that Kant gave philosophers a definitive solution to how the mind and our reality interact. He gave philosophers a renewed ideal of certainty, for he argued that we can be certain of the rules of our own experience.I think Kant says it best when he says, reality is the world of our experience, as we constitute it through the concepts of our understanding (Kant 232) Grisell 4 Work Cited Higgins, Kathleen M. , and Clancy Martin. Know ledge Kants Revolution. Introducing Philosophy. By Robert C. Solomon. 10th ed. New York Oxford UP, 2012. 230-33. Print. LaFave, Sandra. Kant The Copernican Revolution in Philosophy. Kant The Copernican Revolution in Philosophy. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. Fehir, Aaron. Humes classify and the Problem of Causality. Lecture.

Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy Essay

Why study consumer doings? By studying consumer doings we try to understand & gain brain wave into Consumer decision making processes What we buy, how we buy, and why we buy Enables us to become relegate consumers and marketersDefinitions of Consumer Behaviour The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they give to select, secure, use and dispose of outputs, services, experiences or ideas to requite needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. The dynamic interaction of cognition, behaviour and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives (American selling Association) Those behaviours performed by decision-making units in the purchase, usage and disposal of straightforwards and services (Kotler & Levy) The decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services (London & Della Bitta) finishing of Con sumer BehaviorMarketing Strategy/ regulatory Policy/Social Marketing/Informed Individual Consumer Behaviour and Marketing StrategyCross heathen Variations in Consumer BehaviorCulture is the most pervasive external campaign on an individuals consumption behavior. It would be difficult to sink the importance of refining as a motivator of consumer behavior. The attitude hatful possess, the determine they hold dear, the lifestyles they enjoy and the inter personalised behavior patterns they adopt be the outcomes of the heathenish settings. Failure to c arfully consider cultural differences is often creditworthy for monumental marketing failure.The concept of CultureCulture is the complex all that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. First, subtlety is a comprehensive concept. It includes almost everything that influences an individuals thought processes and behaviors. Second, s ocialisation is acquired. It does non include inherited responses and predispositions. Much of human behavior is intentional rather than innate, culture does not affect a wide stray of behaviors. Third, the complexity of modern societies is such that culture r atomic number 18ly provides detailed prescriptions for distract behavior.Culture provides boundaries within which most individual think and act. Finally, the nature of cultural influences is such that we be seldom aware of them. One think behave, feels in a manner consistent with other members of the same culture because it seems vivid or right to do. The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called Norms which are simple rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in special situations Norms are derived from Cultural Value, widely held beliefs that shared standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, desirable or undesirable. Violation of cultural norms results in sanctions, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group. Variations in cultural determine Cultural values are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A useable approach to understanding cultural variations in behavior is to understand the values embraced by different cultures. The classifications of cultural values1. Other orientedIndividual/Collective, Youth/Age, elongate/Limited Family, Masculine/feminine, Competitive/Cooperative, Diversity/Uniformity 2. Environmental oriented Cleanliness, instruction execution/Status, Tradition/Change, Risk Taking/Security, Problem solving/Fatalistic, Nature 3. Self-oriented Active/Passive, bestial gratification/Abstinence, Material/Nonmaterial, Hard work/Leisure, Postponed gratification/immediate gratification, spiritual/SecularThe use people make of space and the meaning they as sucker to their use of space constitute a second form of nonverbal communication. In America, the office space in corporations generally is allocated according to rank and prestigiousness rather than need. A second major use of space is personal space. It is the nearest that others can come to anyone in various situations without feeling uncomfortableSymbolsA symbol may be defined as the sign or representation of something moral or intellectual by the images or properties of natural things as the Lion the symbol of courage. Different studies on cultures identified two types of symbols used by people in communication among them, they are1. Referential symbol2. Expressive symbolRelationshipThe rights and obligations compel by friendship are another nonverbal communication variable. Americans, more so than most other cultures, make friends quickly and easily and wander them easily also. To most Asian and Latin Americans, good personal transaction and feeling are all that really matter in a long term agreement. Americans negotiate a contract, the Japanese negotiate a relationship. In many countries, the written word is used simple to satisfy legalities. In their eyes, emotion and personal relations are more pregnant than cold facts.AgreementAmericans depose on an extensive and generally, highly effectual legal system for ensuring that business obligations are honored and for resolving disagreements. many an(prenominal) other cultures have not developed such system and rely instead on friendship and local moral, principles, or informal customs to guide business conduct. In many developed counties, prices are render for all buyers, but in some Asian and Middle east countries, the procedure is differentThingsThe cultural meaning of things leadfs to purchase patterns that one would not otherwise predicts. The different meaning that cultures attached to things, including products, make gift bad a particular difficult task.EtiquetteEtiquette represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. Behaviors considered rude or obnoxious in one culture may be quite acceptable in anothe r. Normal voice tone, pitch and speed of speech differ between culture and languages as do the use of gestures. For example, a Japanese executive will seldom say No directly during negotiations, as this would be considered impolite. Considerations in sexual climax a foreign market Is the geographic area Homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? What needs can this product or a version of it fill in this culture? Can large of the people needing the product afford it? What values or patterns of values are relevant to the purchase and use of this product? What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? In what way can we communicate about the product? What are the Ethical implications of marketing this product in this country? http//www.somewherein web log.net/blog/alihusainkaisar/29525858http//www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/abdullah_muslim2010/29411963OUTCOMES Individual/ Firm/ SocietyCONSUMER DECISION PROCESS Problem actualisation/Inform ation search/Alternative evaluation/Purchase/ Use/ evaluationMARKETING STRATEGY Product/Price/Distribution/Promotion/ utilityMARKET SEGMENTATION Identify product related need sets/ sort out customer with similar need sets/ Describe each group/ aim attractive segment(s) to targetMARKET ANALYSIS Company/Competitors/ Conditions/Consumers

Agriculture Essay Essay

M any(prenominal) discussions constitute been sparked on the topic of whether or not agriculture was beneficial or detrimental to human life. Hypothetically, agriculture, if cultivated correctly, will never allow any part of a group to go hungry. There is no emphasis about moving because every resource you need is in your prat yard. Realistically, agriculture does cause a lot of issues. Problems such as change magnitude universe of discourse, non cooperative weather patterns, and territorial reserve issues are just a few. Wars were sparked from overstepped territorial boundaries.Also, the creation of government was commenced as a result of hierarchy issues. up to now though the issues on the surface can weigh down the positives, agriculture, at its core, has improved human lives and led to the development of the working/manageable lifestyles we control today. There are many issues that have sprung to the surface due to the subsistence schema of agriculture. Increased populati on densities( floriculture and Civilization) caused many problems with survival during empty seasons.As the population rose, more food had to be produced. During a good season, this was no problem, yet during a dry season, this caused many problems. Instead of simply working 4-6 hours to abide by food, a full workday would have been needed. According to the article floriculture and Civilization, agriculture, to be successful, demands constant attention, good soil, good weather, and plentiful water. As a farmer, many hours of the day was needed to make sure that the soil was abounding with nutrients,turned correctly, and supplied with enough water so that the seeds would grow. The diets of agriculturalist was not necessarily as well rounded as a hunter-gatherers, pastoralist or industrialist. The article Agriculture and Civilization also says that agriculture, while it can be highly productive, takes prefer of only a few thousand of the edible plants available on the planetand agriculture-based societies relied on fewer food choices than hunter-gather societies.

Jacksonian democracy Essay

capital of Mississippiian Democracy refers to the semipolitical philosophy of get together States President Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Jacksons policies followed in the footsteps of Thomas Jefferson. Jacksons Democratic Party was resisted by the rival Whig Party. More broadly, the terminus refers to the period of the Second Party System (1824-1854) when Jacksonian philosophy was etymon as well as the spirit of that era. It can be contrasted with the characteristics of Jeffersonian democracy, which dominated the previous political era. Jacksons equal political policy became known as Jacksonian Democracy, subsequent to ending what he termed a monopoly of government. The Jacksonian era saw a great outgrowth of respect and power for the common man, as the electorate expanded to include every(prenominal) white male adult citizens, rather than only land owners in that group.In contrast to the Jeffersonian era, Jacksonian democracy promoted the strength of the judicature and e xecutive branch at the expense of Congress, while also seeking to broaden the publics participation in government. Jacksonians believed in enfranchising tout ensemble white men, rather than just the propertied class, and supported the patronage dust that enabled politicians to appoint their supporters into administrative offices, arguing it would reduce the power of elites and prevent aristocracies from emerging. They demanded pick out (not appointed) judges and rewrote many state constitutions to reflect the new values. In subject area terms the Jacksonians favored geographical expansion, justifying it in terms of Manifest Destiny. in that location was usually a consensus among both Jacksonians and Whigs that battles over slavery should be avoided. The Jacksonian Era lasted roughly from Jacksons 1828 election until the slavery bang became dominant after 1850 and the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics as the Third Party System emerged.

Cloud Computing Research Paper Essay

Introduction befoul calculation is the answer for cheap pedigree engine room platforms. It is a more(prenominal) affordable solution for media subject matter than any other medium, and this is why Netflix, Amazon.com, and Apple are among the leaders in spoil usage and development. Ultimately pervert figuring leave behind be the primary way data service are accessed by businesses and consumers alike.Marston, Li, Bandyopadhyay, Zhang, and Ghalsasi 2009 intermit corrupt computing offers companies the opportunity to deploy cutting edge IT services without the enormous upfront costs that deter so many organizations from qualification the investment in infrastructure. Now that affordable solutions are becoming more readily available it is likely that more small and medium surface businesses will try and streamline their IT services. Small and medium sized businesses will likely be attracted to billing features that only charge for actual usage, as opposed to a flat fee.This f ormat of doing business seems confusing on its surface, which led Kamra, Sonawane, and Alappanavar 2012, to compare Cloud Computing to Municipal Water Departments. Cloud Computing can be explained using a simple example. some(prenominal) decades ago people utilise to go to their well to get the urine strikeed to live their lives, nowadays things are contrastive.Municipalities have placed weewee taps at e real door step, so you can spot on and use the service as needed. Cloud computing is the selfsame(prenominal) concept. You do not need to build a Water lay down to have water in your home, and now businesses do not need a massive computer lab to run their IT Services. Microsoft, Google, and Amazon tolerate a confuse to their customers, business partners and employees that allows services to be provided on a 24/7 basis.DiscussionA perfect example of defile computing would be Yahoo.Com and Gmail.Com electronic mail addresses. As recently as heptad years ago Microsoft Out look was a program installed on the sullen drive of your computer that helped to facilitate your incoming and outgoing e-mails. Now web- ground or cloud mail is what 99% of the people using computers use for e-mail services. A fraternity will be able to use cloud services on a per usage, or metered basis. This is the future of computing and the majority of new services in the future will be based around this type of technology, which leads us to the importance of lucre uptime and availability.Ambrust et, al 2010, counsel that just as large ISPs use multiple network providers so that failure by a single company will not take them off the air, we believe the only plausible solution to very extravagantly network availability is multiple cloud computing providers used simultaneously. I agree wholeheartedly with this concept and this is how Facebook became the powerhouse of a company that it is today.In both the movie The Social Network, and the book The inadvertent Billionaires M ark Zuckerberg, is described as convinced that a network outage as short as one day could irreversibly unravel the entire company. Facebook is revered as an incredibly stable platform. While I do not have inside information with regard to Facebooks cloud computing strategy, I believe it is a very easy surmise to make that they have multiple ISP and Cloud sources to ensure platform availability.As another example a company like Amazon.Com which has no retail presence, depends entirely on the uptime of their network and website, a disruption of a some hours in service could cost the company millions of dollars in lost sales opportunities. Multiple back up Internet Service Providers is a must. polishAljabre 2012, suggests the concept of cloud computing in business may laboured ideal and easy to implement, but like all new technology being introduced in to a business with an IT system already in place has both negative and positive aspects. Aljabre uses Amazon.com as his example of a company that has successfully utilized this technology. Amazon has 80 million customers, and 17 thousand employees, and has a need for cloud access at the highest contingent level.Amazon has a mission critical need for many different people, both employees and customers alike to be able to access the internal network for employees and the website itself for both sellers and buyers. Aljabre considers Amazon to be the number one company on the planet with regard to cloud utilization and the success of the company and high regard for its network stability is a testament to how much cloud computing has advanced in the short time it has been implemented.Virginia Watson Ross 2010 believes todays organizations are being tasked with finding ways to minimize costs, while their computing and data needs grow, cloud computing is a viable excerption to consider. With its economy of scale and high performance assets, it has the potential for act asing change magnitude organizational computi ng and data management needs., and surges in demand, while minimizing costs. The scrap is to determine what factors drive a companys last makers to admit or not to choose to employ cloud computing to meet organizational needs.The advantages of cloud computing include cost savings, meeting computing needs, reliability, and centralized security functions. This will lead to overall lower costs, modify information handling, and greater convenience for end users. All of these advantages make cloud computing worth considering.ReferencesMarston, Sean R., Li, Zhi, Bandyopadhyay, Subhajyoti, Ghalsasi, Anand and Zhang, Juheng, Cloud Computing The Business Perspective (November 23, 2009). unattached at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=1413545 or http//dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1413545Armburts, Michael. A View of Cloud Computing. communication theory of the ACM 53.4 (2010)50.Aljabre, Abdulaziz. Cloud Computing for Increased Business Value. International journal of business and social science 3. 1 (2012)234.ReferencesRoss, Virginia W. Factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing by decision making managers. Dissertation Abstracts International Section B The Sciences and engineering. Ann Arbor, Mich. University Microfilms, (2010). 2021.Kamra, Varun. CLOUD compute AND ITS PRICING SCHEMES. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering 4.4 (2012)577.

Case 1-3 the Coca Cola Co

pillow slip 1-3 coca sens Co Coca-Cola is an iconic symbol of Americana that has deep grow in our society and a presence throughout the globe. The scrape has permeated into clothing, dwelling house items, electronics and more, with brand recognition and customer loyalty rivaled by none. Throughout its storey until the late 1990s the Coca Cola Company, based in Atlanta, Georgia, has ensnare all its eggs into the change beverage basket. With scientific advances and an increasely wellness conscious public, Coca Cola has been forced to modify their product ocellus to include healthier products and recipes.Ingredients in Coke products such as spicy Fructose feed Syrup (HFCS/ corn lolly) and aspartame are now being sold as a healthy alternative to scraping, when they are as unhealthy as sugar if not worse. Although promoted as healthier, independent health and nutrition experts, through peer reviewed research, pick out scientifically turn up otherwise. The Coca Cola Comp any go out need to continue to sacrifice short-run high make headway margins for long term growth by re-examining their ingredients as well as further transfigureing their product line to adapt to a more sophisticated and informed health conscious consumer.The Coca Cola Company was incorporated in 1892 by Asa Candler after purchasing the brand and formula from inventor, John Stith Pemberton, in 1889 (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Throughout its history the keep company has focused primarily on carbonated beverages with its flagship product, Coca Cola, developed to plump one of the worlds most powerful brands (Abramovitch, 2011). In asset to Coke, the major(ip)ity of revenues are generated from sustenance Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Although they consider themselves the kings of carbonation (Cravens, 2009, p. 4, para. 3), in 1960 they began to diversify by purchasing Minute Maid and Belmont Spring Water Co. in addition to merging with Duncan Foods (The Coca Cola Company, 2005). C okes primary commercial enterprise model is to manufacture syrup and sell it at high simoleons margins to a large network of independent bottlers who in turn sell it to retail outlets. Although this model has helped them to show higher profit margins, it also worked to disguise financial troubles from debt and independent bottler relations (Cravens, 2009).Based on baseless earnings facilitated by shady, yet legal, financial finagling, plus extraordinary income from buying and selling bottlers, Coke was able to exploit the exaggerated winner of the business as exhibited both internally by a dysfunctional polish cultivated by a lingering false sense of success stemming from their glory years, and externally as a 3,500% increase of stock (Cravens, 2009) which in-turn stayed in decline between 1998 through 2007 (Coca Cola Historical Stock Prices, 2012).The profit margins attained during the glory years were predictably unsustainable however the decline was not based only upon questi onable business activities, but also ever-changing consumer attitudes. Although consumer consciousness between the diet-disease relationships really began to take hold in the eighties with efforts by the American Heart Association (Teisl, 1999), due to the advent of the internet, by the mid-to-late 1990s consumers began to awaken to the health cores related to consumption of excessive sugar in the form of HFCS, and the dangers of aspartame (Fox, 2012).This has resulted in consumers moving away from sugary, fizzy drinks in favor of drinks with a healthier image like water, teas and other uncarbonated beverages (Soft Drink, 2010, para. 7) and carbonated beverage sales declining for the one-time(prenominal) six years (Fuhrman, 2011). Although the carbonated beverage industry is in decline the industry would rather frisk your attention by telling you the big news is not that the loony drinks categorys sales are downbut that Diet Coke surpassed Pepsi for the nary(prenominal) 2 bra nd in the category (Fuhrman, 2011 para. 3).Digging further, the only reason Diet Coke took the number two spot is because its sales declined less the Pepsis did, and to add to that, this loss occurred in an everyplaceall loss of soda merchandise share globally (Esterl, 2011). Both Coke and Diet Coke have shown decline sales. Why? The public is waking up to the dangers of HFCS and Aspartame, two spot ingredients in regular and diet soft drinks. High Fructose Corn Syrup was invented in 1957 and was developed for mass production in japan between 1965 to 1970 (High Fructose Corn Syrup Production, n. d. ).HFCS is manufactured by extracting corn starch, processing further to produce corn syrup, then adding enzymes to convert glucose to laevulose resulting in a mixture anywhere from 42% to 55% fructose (High Fructose Corn Syrup, n. d. ). The danger of corn syrup is due to increased quantity consumed versus ingestion through lifelike means by eating fruit or other foods containing fr uctose (Mercola, 2010). Fructose is a major contributor to a) insulin resistance diabetes b) elevated snag pressure c) elevated triglycerides and elevated LDL bad cholesterol d) epletion of vitamins and minerals and e) cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cancer, arthritis and urarthritis (Mercola, 2010, para. 3). In addition to previously mentioned health issues a study create in The American journal of Clinical Nutrition further makes the connectedness of fructose to weight gain, and insulin resistance syndrome (Elliot, 2002). The body process different types of sugar in different ways. Glucose, a much healthier form of energy, is urbane mostly on a cellular level throughout the body, whereas fructose is processed completely in the liver and converts almost immediately into plenteous (Mercola, 2010).Although the corn syrup industry claims that at most, HFCS contains 55% fructose, independent researchers upon testing actual cans of soft drinks found they contained as much a s 65% fructose (and only 35% glucose) (Kaplan, 2010, para. 6). According to the American Diabetes Association, Americans do throw $116 billion on direct medical costs related to diabetes, and with diabetes increasing by 176% between 1980 through 2010 (Crude and, 2011), with fructose playing a major factor in the onset of diabetes someone is bound to take notice.Although HFCS has proven to be dangerous to consume, aspartame is worse (Mercola, 2011). Aspartame was created in 1965 by James Schlatter of the G. D. Searle Company, and took over 15 years to gain a very shady compliment by the FDA (Mercola, 2011). Many researchers and top doctors have weighed in on the issue saying aspartame causes headache, memory loss, seizures, vision loss, coma and cancer worsens or mimics the symptoms of such diseases and conditions as fibromyalgia, MS, lupus, ADD, diabetes, Alzheimers, chronic fatigue and depression. (NWV, 2004, para. 4).Board Certified Neurosurgeon, Russell Blaylock, MD wrote a c oncord documenting the connection of aspartame to macular degeneration, diabetic blindness and glaucoma (NWV, 2004). Due to the brands rank and customer loyalty the company has been able to rely on its core carbonated products, however as their dedicated customer base ages and dwindles they depart find it harder to attract new younger consumers who are more aware of the health concerns of HFCS and aspartame. For coke and the soft drink industry to rebound they will have to diversify and get away from HFCS and aspartame.First they have to get past Cokes Notorious Board (Cravens, 2009, p. 46). References Abramovitch, S. (May 9, 2011). Apple Overtakes Google as earths Most Powerful Brand. Gawker (Online). Retrieved from http//gawker. com/5799830/apple-overtakes-google-as-worlds-most-powerful-brand Coca-Cola Company. (2012). Historical Stock Prices. Yahoo finance (Online). Retieved from http//finance. yahoo. com/q/hp? s=KO&a=00&b=2&c=1962&d=01&e= 21&f=2012&g=m Cravens, D. W. & Piercy , N. F. (2009). slipperiness 1-3 Coca Cola Co, (A). Strategic Marketing. (9th, ed. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin Crude and Age-Adjusted Percentage of Civilian, noninstitutionalized Population with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 19802010. Department of Health and Human Services marrow For Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figage. htm Elliott, S. S. , Keim, N. L. , Stern J. S. , Teff, K. and Havel, P. J. (November 2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome Special Article. The Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76. 5, 911-922. Retrieved from http//www. ajcn. org/ content/76/5/911. full Esterl, M. (March 16, 2011).Diet Coke Wins fighting in Cola Wars. Wall Street Journal (Online). Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http//search. proquest. com. pegleg. park. edu/docview/857249434/13503185B037A9C16B2/20? accountid=28370 Fox, S. (2012). use the internet for health information is not the exception . KevinMD. com. Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http//www. kevinmd. com/blog/2010/10/internet-health-information-exception. hypertext markup language Fuhrman, E. (April, 2011). 2011 Soft Drink Report. Beverage Industry. 102. 4, 22, 24, 26, 28 Kaplan, K. (October 26, 2010). High-fructose corn syrup in soda has much more fructose than advertised, study finds.The Los Angeles Times (Online). Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http//articles. latimes. com/2010/oct/26/news/la-heb-too-much-fructose-in-hfcs-soda-20101026 Mercola, J. (January 2, 2010). Sugar May Be Bad, But This Sweetener is removed More Deadly. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http//articles. mercola. com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/highfructose-corn-syrup-alters-human-metabolism. aspx Mercola, J. (November 6, 2011). Aspartame is, by far, the most dangerous substance on the market that is added to foods. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 2012 from

Theroies of Child Development

ProfessorLinda Derscheid, Ph. D. voiceWirtz 160Fax 753-1321 Office Phone753-6341 with voice chain armour or 753-1543 (receptionist) Helpdesk 815-753-8100 E-mail netmailprotected edu Blackboard http//web p bentages. niu. edu n reading. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Wadsworth, B. J. (2004). Piagets theory of cognitive and affective development (5th ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson teaching method, Inc. READINGSOther designate readings go forth be placed on Blackboard e-reserve from the NIU library. COURSE comment Analysis of the major theories of chilfor political program and assignments com rambleer help email emailprotected du Office HoursOpen M noon-1 p. m. Adv. TTh. 1 2 p. m. & Fri. 11-noon or by naming REQUIRED TEXTS (These atomic number 18 typed in APA 6 style except they motif to be double spaced) Salkind, N. J. (2004). An introduction to theories of humad development and their implications in souring with materialization children. PRQ FCNS 230, FCNS 280, and at least(prenom inal) junior standing. OBJECTIVES 1. Students forget be able to key out and comp atomic number 18 and contrast (in-depth) theories of child development. (Activities 1, 2, 4, & 5) 2.Students get outing apply approximately of the companionship acquired almost supposititious approaches to practical issues in child development development technology. (Activities 1, 2, 4, & 5) 3. Students forget evaluate the contributions and limitations of the major theories of child development. (Activities 1, 2, 4, & 5) Family and tike Studies (FCS) B. S. Program Obj Graduates of the FCS com pukeer program allow for be prepargond for successful original c atomic number 18ers serving children, families, & individuals th prep atomic number 18out the lifespan by demonstrating 1) economic consumption of self-understanding for personal & professional development (Obj. ) 2) wasting disease of a variety of theoretical & scientific approaches used to study & lam with children, individuals, & families (Obj. 1-3) 3) application of methods for affecting change in family and hearty systems th stony empowering hindrance strategies (Obj. 2) 4) application of professional expertise regarding human development & family relationships when disseminating knowledge to children, individuals, & families (Obj. 2) 5) professional communication skills & use of technology (Obj. 1,2) and 6) integration of knowledge & skills to work with individuals & families of different backgrounds (Obj. ). aboriginal puerility Studies Conceptual Framework The ECS program is part of the NIU company of Learners, which builds upon knowledge, practice, and reflection to build exemplary Early Childhood passkeys. EVALUATION (Grades are base on the 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% scale. ) undergrad disciples 4 Exams (10% each) =200 pts. (50%) 2 Short Papers (10% each) =100 pts. (25%) Quizzes & gesture garnishs 100 pts. (25%) 400 pts. (100%) note of hand Incompletes disposed(p) at the abolish of the semeste r, pull up stakes only be attached if the form has been signed by you and your teacher by the last sieve period.See your NIU student handbook for approved reasons. Note Both undergrad and grad students assignments and commits are posted under the similar Blackboard posting, so all points exit be displayed. Just get a line your points according to the above points. 1. Exams The examinations will involve multiple filling bayions that will coer the readings, lectures, and clan raillerys. The exams will be worth 200 points. Quizzes (5) will be given after 1 or 2 theories fuddle been discussed. These will be given at the beginning of family unit. If you are upstart you will miss the quiz. No Make-Ups for quizzes.Leave only when exam is completed during exams and quizzes, no hats with brims may be worn no carrell phones or otherwise technology equipment no cheating. Students are evaluate to arrive for exams and quizzes on prison term. No student will be allowed to take an exam if s/he arrives after the foremost student has completed the exam and left the room. If quizzes are given in gradation, you mustiness be present when quizzes are distributed in order to be eligible to take a quiz. All exams and quizzes must be returned to the instructor forward the student leaves class. A student who removes an exam from the classroom will be given an F for that exam.Bring a 2 pencil. Also refer to 5 and Grading Criteria below. Make-up Exams Make-up exams will be allowed only when prior notice is given with an approved self-justification with proof. Make-up exams are scheduled on Fri twenty-four hour period afternoons at 130 in WZ 118. 2. Short Papers (2, see the due dates on the class calendar) In these coating (4-6 textual matter pages in length), you will be required to integrate, apply, and communicate the entrance theories. All accounts must be typed and compose in APA style (with cover page, citations in your text, including citing all theo retical constructs (see end of this syllabus for citation info. , & fiber page). Turn in & go on on Blackboards Assignments button. Re-do of these papers are available for those achieving a 70% or better. 3. Question alines (5 Take Home Mini-Exams for study guides) These will be available on Blackboard. Type in your cited responses to each question with the text page number and submit via Blackboard through the Assignments button by 915 a. m. Tuesday morning. belatedly question sets & those with quotes will be given a 0. Typos, spelling, grammar, and punctuation will be factored into your points (1 pt. /error after 2). So proof readThink of these as study guides for yourself, so be thorough and accurate. Check the chapter lecture outline that is on Blackboard for reformative tips if you cant find the info in the textbook/s. 4. socio-economic class of instruction Policies a. Class Participation Participation is encouraged and appreciated Each workweek you will be assign re adings from the text and/or articles. You are expected to have read or skimmed these assigned readings before class in order for you to participate meaningfully in class discussions and base group exercises. It is important we have a safe atmosphere for discussion and take heeding.Unprofessional class conduct that impedes other class members learning (e. g. , eating, talking, whispering, shuffling, reading or writing in a newspaper, prison cell phone use, sleeping, and so forth ) era others (including the prof) are talking or watching videos will result in the triming of one grade (Refer to the Student Judicial Code). Two tardies will count as one absence. Attendance counts only if projecting the full class period. More than 2 weeks missing class will lower your final grade at least one grade. Students must conduct the professors permission before any guests can attend class. b. Americans with Disabilities Act.Any student who, because of a documented disability, may require some excess arrangements in order to meet course requirements should contact the professor as soon as possible to make necessary accommodations. c. All scripted assignments must be completed. A missing written assignment will result in lowering your final class letter grade by double the original points. Keep a hard imitate of all written assignments when you submit them. Save your files in multiple places. d. Professional behavior. You are in college or graduate school because you plan to be a professional (or are enhancing your professional status).Part of what you are here for is to learn/enhance your professional skills. If at work you dont turn up up, or come in late, or exhibit grossly unskilled behavior, you will be fired. Please use this class, and all your classes, as places in which to learn and practice professional behaviors Then on your own cadence and when work is done, party hearty e. Do not bring electronic devises to class. If your beeper/pager goes off or your cell phone go during class, you will be asked to leave and you will be considered absent for that class period. Refer to the Judicial Code for details. ) If a pager or cell phone is required for your job, please inform the professor PRIOR to class. In this instance, the pager/cell should be on vibrate mode. Any cell phone that is out &/or used during a quiz or exam will be confiscated and you will receive an F on that quiz or exam. f. Confidentiality Students are expected to be professional. ace of the issues that you will face when you enter the workforce is the issue of confidentiality. All written work is confidential. During discussions, personal information may be shared with the class.It is expected that what is verbalise in the context of class discussions will be given the confidentiality it deserves. Because some of the topics discussed may touch on personal issues, you are encouraged to charm how much you decide to share based on your comfort level. Should issues tog out as a result of class discussions, please inform the professor. name calling of children will not be used in class discussions. g. Contacting your professor You have several ways to contact me. I check email several times a day every week day and at least once on weekends. in that respect is never an excuse for not being able to contact me. I am available before and after class, by email and phone. Common sense says if you leave me a message and I do not respond within 24 hours, contact me again. I will never accept that a student did not know something, do something, etc. because he or she could not find me. If students need something from me, it is the students responsibility to locate the professor. It is not the professors responsibility to find students and ask if they need something Students are professionals and can take responsibility for themselves and their needs.Contact me only after checking your syllabus & assignments first Do not email me about grades after postin g because grades cannot be discussed via email. SHORT PAPERS GUIDELINES There will be two unmindful papers. The 1st paper will include analyses utilize a tender and emotional theories the 2nd paper will include analyses using cognitive and learning development theories. This paper should tie together observations from your experiences with appropriate theoretical confine from the class sessions. You will be given a choice of paper topics, which will be handed out later.Your papers will be graded with AF (on a % basis). All papers must be TYPED. They should each be 4-6 text pages (not including title and quote pages) long with citations included, double-spaced in APA 5 style with title and reference pages. Turn in one hard copy & also submit on Blackboard using the assignment button. Any paper with more than 7 typos past 2 per page will be failed. after(prenominal) 3 grammatical errors, 20 pts will be deducted. A paper longer than 6 text pages will drop a letter grade. In othe r actors line, take the time to proof read and conserve directions GRADING CRITERIA A PaperYour ideas are well organized and presented cl proto(prenominal). Thorough and appropriate course content is used accurately to analyze and discuss the assigned topic. Relevant examples are included. B PaperThe course material may be either accurately or thoroughly presented. The interrelationships between the course content and the paper topic and examples are either not clear or not integrated cl premature. C PaperOverall, the coverage is not integrated and uncompleted or inaccurate. Selection of material from one area is not based upon what materials were chosen from other areas.This paper tends to be basically a innocent repetition of readings and/or class discussions and/or personal experiences with little integration. There is little analysis, and/or there are some inaccuracies. D PaperThe course content is presented in an incomplete and isolated manner, with basic misunderstandings of course material. Examples, if presented, are fragments. F PaperThe paper is irrelevant to the course or demonstrates plagiarism. NoteLate papers will not be accepted unless arrangements for an extension are negotiated between student and professor prior to the due date.Reminder Students guilty of or assisting others in either cheating or plagiarism on an assignment, quiz, or exam may receive a grade of F for the course and may be suspended or dismissed from the university. Refer to the University undergrad or Graduate Catalog and the Student Judicial Code. Early rough drafts are strongly encouraged. Bring to class, email or fax them to me for early feedback. FCNS 432-Fall, 2009 TENTATIVE COURSE OUTLINE & ASSIGNMENTS DateTopic/sAssignment/s Aug. 25Intro. & Over military position of terms & Theories of DevelopmentChap. 1 & 2 (w/o pp. 34-38) Sept. 1Sigmund Freuds PsychoanalysisChap. 5 Sept. Life Stages Approach Eriksons Psychosocial Chap. 6 Perspective Ques. Set 1 ascribable 9/8 S ept. 15 Exam 1 over Chap. 1, 2, 5, & 6 minus pp. 34-38Ethology w/ AttachmentChap. 4 Sept. 22Sociobiology & Ecological TheoryChap. 4 & Chap. 2 pp. 34-38 Reading 1 Short Paper 1 out-of-pocket 9/22 Sept. 29 Exam 2 over Chap. 2 (pp. 34-38), & 4 behavioural Model Basic Assumptions & CCChap. 7 Oct. 6Behavioral Analysis operant ConditioningChap. 7 Ques. Set 2 Due 10/6 Oct. 13 Social Learning Theory Chap. 8 Oct. 20Exam 3 over Chap. 7 & 8 PiagetChap. 9 Oct. 27Cognitive-Developmental Approach-PiagetChap. 9 Wadsworth Chap 1-2 Ques. Set 3 Due 10/27Nov. 3Cog. -Dev. PiagetWadsworth Chap. 3-6 Nov. 10Vygotsky Chap. 10 Nov. 17Information Processing Reading 2 Reserve Ques. Set 4 Due 11/17 Nov. 24 NeoPiagetians & Theories of moralistic DevelopmentReadings 3 Short Paper 2 Due 11/24 Dec. 1Theories of Moral Dev. Eval. of Deval TheoriesWadsworth (ends of Chap 3-6 & pp. 160-161) & Chap. 11 Quest. Set 5 Due 12/1 Dec. 10FINAL EXAM Thursday Dec. 10 at 10-1150 a. m. over content since exam 3 E-Reserve Readings found on our Blackboard commit 1. Thomas, R. M. (2005). Ecological psychology, (Ch. 11). 2. Thomas, R. M. (2005). Computer analogues and the self, (Ch. ). 3. Thomas, R. M. (2005). Kohlbergs moral developmental model, (Ch. 14). FCNS 432 References (APA 6 references are double-spaced) Aldridge, J. , Sexton, D. , Goldman, R. , & Werner, M. (1997). Examining contributions of child development theories to early childhood education. College Student Journal, 31(4), 453-459. Baddeley, A. D. , & Hitch, G. J. (2000). Development of operative memory Should the Pascual-Leone and the Baddeley and Hitch model be merged? Journal of data-based Child Psypchology, 77 (2), 128-137. Barnett, D. , Butler, C. M. , & Vondra, J. I. (1999).Atypical patterns of early hamper Discussion and future directions. Monographs of the confederation for Re explore in Child Development, 64(3), 172- 192. Blair, C. , Peters, R. , & Lawrence, F. (2003). Family dynamics and child outcomes in early intervention The role of developmental theory in the specification of effects. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 18(4), 446-446. Boom, J. , Brugman, D. , & van der Heijden, P. G. M. (2001). Hierarchical structure of moral stages assessed by a sorting task. Child Development, 72(2), 535-548. Bowen, N. K. (2005). Histories of developmental task attainment in aggressive children and their elationship to behavior in middle childhood. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 13(2), 113-124. Chen, Z. , & Siegler, R. S. (2000). Across the great divide Bridging the gap between understanding of toddlers and older childrens thinking. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 65(2), 1-96. DeVries, R. (2000). Vygotsky, Piaget, and education A reciprocal assimilation of theories and educational practices. freshly Ideas in Psychology, 18(2-3), 187-213. DeVries, R. , Edmiaston, R. , Zan, B. , & Hildebrandt, C. (2002). What is constructivist education? exposition and principles of teaching. In R.DeVries, B. Zan, C. Hildebrandt, R. Edmiaston, & C. Sales (Eds. ), Developing constructivist early childhood curriculum matter-of-fact principles and activities. (pp. 35-51). New York Teachers College Press. Dilg, M. (1999). Why I am a multiculturalist The power of stories told and untold. In M. Dilg (Ed. ), Race and farming in the classroom Teaching and learning through multicultural education. (pp. 99-107). New York Teachers College Press. Draghi-Lorenz, R. , Reddy, V. , & Costall, A. (2001). Rethinking the development of nonbasic emotions A critical review of animated theories. Developmental Review, 21(3), 263-304.Edwards, S. (2005). Constructivism does not only happen in the individual sociocultural theory and early childhood education. Early Child Development and Care, 175(1), 37-47. Ethridge, E. , & King, J. R. (2005). schedule math in preschool and primary classrooms Questioning the curriculum. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(5), 291-296. Fischer, K. W. & Pare-Blagoev, J. (2000). From individual differences to dynamic pathways of development. Child Development, 71(4), 850-853. Gelman, R. (2000). Domain specificity and variability in cognitive development. Child Development, 71(4), 854-856. Gilbert, J. L.Getting help from Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky Developing infant-toddler curriculum. U. of Kentucky. 12 pages. Accession No ED457968. Golbeck, S. L. (2001). socioeconomic differences in childrens early cognitive development and their readiness for schooling. In S. L. Golbeck (Ed. ), Psychological perspectives on early childhood education Reframing dilemmas in question and practice. (pp. 37-63). NJ LEA. Griffin, S. (2004). Building number sense with Number Worlds A mathematics program for young children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 19(1), 173-173. Harwood, R. L. , Miller, J. G. , & Irizarry, N.L. (1995). Culture and adhesion Perceptions of the child in context. NY The Guilford Press. Hodapp, R. M. (2001). Advancing find ings, theories, and methods concerning children with disabilities. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Devleopment, 66(3), 115-126. Lally, J. R, Lerner, C. , & Luire-Hurvitz, E. (2001). National survey reveals gaps in the publics and parents knowledge about early childhood development. Young Children, 56(2), 49-53. Martin, A. , & Oliva, J. C. (2001). Teaching children about money Applications of social learning and cognitive learning developmental theories.Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences From Research to Practice, 93(2), 26-29. Parent, S. , Normandeau, S. , & Larivee, S. (2000). A quest for the Holy Grail in the new millennium In search of a unified theory of cognitive development. Child Development, 71(4), 860-861. Piaget, J. (1993). Development and learning. In M. Gauvain & M. Cole (Eds. ), Readings on the development of children (pp. 25-33). NY W. H. Freeman and Company. Piaget, J. Smith, L. (Trans. ). (2000). Commentary on Vygotskys criticisms of language an d thought of the child and judgement and reasoning in the child. New Ideas in Psychology, 18(2-3), 241-259.Raines, S. C. (1997). Developmental appropriateness curriculum revisited and challenged. In J. P. Isenberg & M. R. Jalongo (Eds. ), Major trends and issues in early childhood education Challenges, controversies and insights. (pp. 75-89). New York Teachers College Press. Rothbaum, F. Pott, M. , Azuma, H. , and others. (2000). Trade-offs in the study of culture and development Theories, methods, and values. Child Development, 71(5), 1159-1161. Smetana, J. G. (1999). The role of parents in moral development A social domain analysis. Journal of Moral Education, 28(3), 311-321. Suizzo, M. A. (2000).The social-emotional and cultural contexts of cognitive development Neo- Piagetian perspectives. Child Development, 71(4), 846-849. Vondra, J. I. , Hommerding, K. D. , & Shaw, D. S. (1999). Stability and change in infant attachment in a low-income sample. Monographs of the Society for Res earch in Child Devlepment, 64(3), 119-144. Williams, M. M. (2000). Models of face education Perspectives and developmental issues. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 39(1), 32-40. Wolfgang, C. H. (2000-2001, winter). Another view on Reinforcement in Developmentally Appropriate Early Childhood Classrooms. Childhoood Education, 77(2), 64-67. Note To cite within your text, remember there are 3 ways (a) a quote (only 3 per short paper), then put authors or authors last name/s, year, page in ( )s, e. g. , (Salkind, 2004, p. 34) (b) paraphrase, then put authors or authors last name/s and year in ( )s, e. g. , (Vondra, Hammerding, & Shaw, 1999) and (c) paraphrase after saying, According to Martin and Oliva (2001), . If you use 4 or more words in a row from an author you must quote them and use example a above for proper citation otherwise, you are plagiarizing = F for a grade.Not citing any theoretical construct is also plagiarizing even if you paraphrase/put in your own words. These theoretical ideas/concepts/constructs are not yours sooner It is best to cite each sentence that contains an idea that is not yours. One citation at the end of a paragraph with lots of sentences with ideas that are not yours is not enough Each idea must be attributed to a source, if it is not a general idea. If all the ideas in a paragraph come from 1 source, you can wrap the paragraph by citing at the beginning of the paragraph (or end of the 1st sentence) and then at the end of the paragraph.Note All papers must include a typed cover/title page & a reference page when appropriate using APA style. All papers will be graded on truth and thoroughness of responses. Note Your grade will be lowered at least one grade for late work. Note Come to class with your rough drafts or email them to me so that your questions about accuracy of your responses can be answered. Save your work in multiple places, e. g. , jump drive, email it, etc. Note All papers are consid ered late if missed the time for submission on Blackboard, usually 15 minutes before class or at the beginning of class. STUDENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORMI, _____________________________________________ have been given the syllabus for FCNS 432, (please print entire name) Theories of Child Development for fall 2009. My ghost affirms that I have read and that I understand all policies, procedures, and expectations, associated with this class. My spot also affirms that I have been given an opportunity to discuss questions regarding the syllabus and class outline during the first class session, and that I understand that it is my responsibility to seek the professors assistance if I have barely questions. (students signature)(date)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay

Introduction degenerative obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is a lung ailment that is characterized by a saturnine blockage of air flow from the lungs ( World health Organisation (WHO) website, nd). This report will examine the realises, symptoms and discourse of COPD. It will discuss current statistics on COPD and slightly of the current tr use upments available. treble sources were used including websites, leaflets and government documents.Over 440,000 throng in Ireland ar position to have COPD ( Living with COPD website, nd). By 2020, it is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide (Living with COPD website, 2013). A recent COPD audit in europium discovered that 50% of sufferers will die or be readmitted to hospital within a 3 month period (Living with COPD website, 2013). Approximately 1400 people die every year from the condition (Oireachtas website, 2013). Ireland has one of the luxuriouslyest incidents of death in Europe from COPD (Living wit h COPD website, 2013). COPD is an irreversible lung disease which causes permanent lung damage. In COPD, the airflow to the lungs grow narrower and blocked and breathing dumbfounds difficult (COPD Support website, nd). COPD is an umbrella term for continuing Bronchitis and Emphysema (Living with COPD website, nd).CausesThe single biggest cause of COPD is smoking. 80-90% of people with the condition have COPD repayable to smoking. (COPD Support website, 2009). Other causes are air pollution, exposure to fumes or dust particles at work, passive smoking, recurring respiratory infections in premature life and a rare genetic disorder called Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (National Heart, Lung and fund Institute website, nd).Diagnosis and SymptomsA breathing test called Spirometry is used to examine COPD (COPD FOUNDATIONWebsite, nd). The test measures how well a soul utters. In Ireland, annoy to Spirometry Tests is not available nationwide and tests must be carried out in hospit al (Oireachtas website, 2013). Early diagnosis can greatly slow ingest the condition (National Health Service website, 2012).Often COPD is diagnosed after a person has anexacerbation of the condition (American Thoracic website, nd).An exacerbation of COPD means thesymptoms have become more severe. It is mainly caused by an infection in the lungs and hospitalisation is take which leads to diagnosis of the condition ( American Thoracic website, nd).Symptoms of COPD include wheezing, persistent cough out with mucus that will not go away, breathlessness completing universal tasks and difficulty taking deep breaths (American Lung Association website, nd). Symptoms typically start to make out from the age of 40 years onwards (Living with Copd website, 2013). Long term complications associated with COPD include, cant over loss and swallowing issues known as Dysphagia (Queensland Health and The Australian Lung Foundation, 2012). Swallowing issues can rig out as the patient can often breathe when eating, which causes food to attain the lungs. This can lead to reflux, indigestion problems, difficulty in finishing meals and lung infections (Queensland Health and The Australian Lung Foundation, 2012).StagesThere are 4 breaker points of COPD Mild, Moderate , Severe and rattling Severe (End Stage) (COPD International website, nd).Mild The person whitethorn have gauzy breathlessness and whitethorn or may not have a cough but is unaware they have COPD (COPD International website, nd).Moderate bastard carrying out day to day tasks, may or may not have denounce cough with mucus. At this stage the condition is ordinarily diagnosedas symptoms become more severe (COPD International website, nd).Severe COPD greatly affects the quality of life, physical activity is limited, exacerbations of COPD are much more frequent (COPD International website, nd).Very Severe/End Stage At this stage oxygen is required continuously, any exertion at all is difficult. Chronic Respirat ory Failure and/or Heart Failure and death occurs (Kenny,T 2011).This familiarity would enable a Healthcare Support Worker to identify the archaean signs of the condition, have an add-ond awareness of a patient with a persistent cough, frequent colds or chest infections and encourage the patient to seek medical checkup help for a diagnosis.TreatmentsStopping smoking is critical in treating COPD, as giving up smoking greatly prevents the condition worsening. Inhalers are generally used to control and relieve symptoms of COPD. Short-Acting Inhalers are used to alleviate breathlessness, long Inhalers which work over 12 hours to relieve symptoms, and Steroid Inhalers as well attention breathing (British Lung Foundation website, nd). Oxygen Therapy is used in severe COPD. Patients may require oxygen for day to day tasks, when sleeping or in some cases, 24 hours a day. Oxygen is available in tanks, crystal clear form or oxygen concentrators (COPD Support website, nd).Pulmonary Reha bilitation Programmes in addition plays a vital role in the treatment of COPD (Oireachtas website, 2013). In Ireland, programmes are normally ran over 20 sessions, with patients attending two to three measure a week. Group numbers are limited to a uttermost of 15 people. The programme consists of Exercise, Nutrition to increase fitness levels and pedagogics to increase the patients awareness of the condition (Health Service Executive website, 2013). COPD patients have been shown to gain hugely from Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programmes, improving quality of life, reducing hospital admissions and increase survival chances (Oireachtas website, 2013).A person with COPD uses 10 times the energy to breathe than a person without the condition. It is important to replace lost calories, maintain fish and also to protect the immune system against colds and flus (American Lung website, nd). Foods high in both energy, sugar and fat such as heat up foods, full fat dairy products and readym ade meals are recommended to encourage weight gain. however it is important that a healthy diet is alsomaintained (COPD Education website, nd). Supplement drinks are often recommended to increase calorie intake amidst meals. If swallowing issues occur, soft foods such as soups and stews are recommended and patients are encouraged to eat several smaller meals throughout the day (COPD Education website, nd). With this knowledge a HealthCare Worker would ensure that meals are small but nutrient at regular intervals . A HealthCare Support Worker would also consider how meals are prepared as softer, more manageable foods may be required.ConclusionThis report has examined the causes, symptoms and treatments of COPD. This report discussed current statistics regarding the condition and some of the treatments available. From researching this report it is clear that more public awareness of COPD in Ireland is inherent to highlight the link between COPD and smoking.COPD needs to feature st rongly in Anti-smoking campaigns to promote this awareness, which would enable early diagnosis and treatment.

Contemporary Status of Women in the Us Essay

Wo recreate force fetch amount a long way from the early 1900s when they gained their constitute right to vote, to today where it seems wo men confound satisfactory rights to do just well-nigh anything. Women possess been increasingly joining the economic operate on force since the remnant 100 years or so. Although, women in the impart force demand been increasing in numbers argon they given an fair to middlingise and comme il faut chance comp ard to that of men? A quick glance on the field of operations would suggest that women ar given equal and fair chances in the work force however, upon closer inspection it seems women in fact ar not given the same fair and equal opportunities as men.Women argon subjected to business enterprise gender sequestration and unfair pay fractures in comparison to men. Nevertheless(prenominal), women ar working diligently and successfully to break down these unjust barriers that be keeping them from having equal opportunities. Acc ording to Marg bet L. Andersen and Dana Hysock Witham, in Thinking about Women sociological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, gender segregation is the pattern whereby women and men atomic number 18 situated in different jobs thought the job force (128).This washstand be made an ex vitamin Ale of in obvious occupations such as kindergarten and preschool teachers, nurses, librarians, and house cleaners, versus college professors, doctors, lawyers, and construction works. The former, when typically imagined, the first image that comes to mind is a woman, whereas the latter is associated with a man. These occupations are associated with certain genders because generally speaking those jobs are and obtain traditionally been a certain gender reign. Philip N. Cohen, and Matt L.Huffman, in Occupational Segregation and the Devaluation of Womens Work Across U. S. Labor Markets, opening that gender segregation in the workforce exists because of the discrimination both in the allocation o f workers across the job categories and in how fe virile-dominated jobs are rewarded relative to male-dominated jobs (882). Women are blocked access to typical male dominated jobs because of social ideas and heathen norms that say that women cannot effectively do the work of men, which requires intellect, leadership, hard labor, and other skills traditionally associated with men.Rather, women are kept in low paying jobs that frequently do not lead to promotions and involve skills that they let traditionally been known for, such as cooking, cleaning, taking care of children, obeying mens orders, and things of that nature. Because women and men are kept in jobs that relate to their traditional gender found skills, it creates a segregation of the labor force instead of creating a heterogeneous labor force were men and women are equally interested in and are hired in certain occupations.Womens work is overly often undervalued in society, especially in comparison to the work of men. Because of this undervaluing of womens work women are additionally rewarded far less than men are. A prosecute gap is the difference between the net income of men and women in the workforce. at once women earn only 77 percent of what men earn, at least on average (DeNavas-Walt qtd. in Andersen and Hysock Witham 137). The wage gap between women and men can be attributed to occupational segregation and wage discrimination.Occupational segregation places women in lower skilled jobs that underutilize and devalues womens skills and potential to work and be successful in the labor force (Karamessini and Ioakimoglou 34). Employers usually pay their employees wages that they see fit in relation to, how much they entertain an employee and his or her skills are worth in the company, and how they contribute to the company. Because womens work and skills are undervalued by a majority of society they are in turn paid less compared to men.Additionally, women usually seek out or are put into jobs that are women dominated. Again since womens work is undervalued, once an occupation becomes a woman dominated occupation, the job itself becomes less worth(predicate) and people in that job eventually are paid less in that occupation compared to if it had been a male dominated occupation. The wage gap is also impacted by wage discrimination. The unequal pay of women based on gender rather than qualifications and skills is wage discrimination. In Joel T. Nadler and Margaret S.Stockdales article, work Gender Bias Not Just Between Strangers they quote Kolesnikova amp liu , Although the gender wage gap has been decreasing over the last thirty years there is still a difference in wages between men and women in similar rushs with similar experience (282). Women are still being paid less than men despite having equal or better fit skills and or qualifications than men. Women are making attainment in making the wage gap between men and women non-existent, however, draw near has been slowing.Women are slowly but surely making significant jump on in leveling the playing field in the labor food market for both men and women. Progress can be seen in remnant the wage gap between genders and in the desegregating of gender based jobs. The earnings gap between men and women has shrunk to a record low (Dennis 01a). Dennis attributes it to the prosperity of women in the 21century economy and the fact that the recession has negatively affected mens pay. He additionally continues to discuss how not only has ashen womens wages increased, black womens wages throw also seen an increase in the past nine years.Womens wages have been slowly increasing and becoming even with that of men. This increase can be attributed to women respite down barriers of gender segregation in the work force. Women have been moving into high-paying professional jobs such as accountants, lawyers and physician (Dennis 01a). These occupations are typically male dominated. However, it seems in recent years the occupations genders have been less same and more of an even or close to even mixture of both genders.As women are taking over more male dominated jobs, such as perhaps managerial jobs, it seems that there are sacrifices that women have to make where as men usually do not. Studies indicate career oriented women are more likely to delay relationships or children in order to advance their careers (Hoffnung qtd. Nadler and Stockdale 282). Because women are taking on traditionally male dominated occupations they are under extra scrutiny and watch, therefore, women find out the pinch to perform well and make sacrifices in the name of their job.Women can feel that in order to be successful they are required to favor work over family life. The pressures over performing well in a womens career life and also balancing their social or family life can create anxiety and unhealthy stress for women. Although, women have been successful in further closing the wage gap and b reaking down gender segregation within the workforce, their progress it seems has also come at the price of choosing a career or a family.Although women have come a long way since the early 1900s it seems that they are still subjected to unequal treatment compared to men. Women face gender segregation in the workforce which makes it difficult to attain prestigious and high paying jobs. Women are also subjected to being paid less than men regardless of having equal or superior skills. Nevertheless, women are facing these obstacles head on. Women are now more than CEOs, they are leveling the playing field between genders in the labor force and re demanding, and showing that they deserve equal pay.

Gothic conventions in ‘The Others’ Essay

The image The Others made by Alejandro Amenabar in 2011 is a word picture slightly a woman who plumps with her cardinal photosensitive children in their large, old home which she believes is haunted by ghosts. This film dos a large range of techniques and ideas to emphasise and domiciliate to its mediaeval themes. These techniques acknowledge dark and light imagery, imageism and quite a littleting. The Others similarly uses traditional chivalric ideas to rise up these themes throughout the movie, including wo(e), fixation of death and supernatural elements. Over all these ideas and techniques contribute to the eerie feel and suspense which makes this movie so captivating and chivalric.The eldest technique apply in The Others is dark and light imagery, throughout the replete(p) film there is a battle between truth and how it is sensed and Amenabar uses this light and tail as a symbol of this. An obvious congressman is the curtains which as apply to block out all light and cling to the children. They create a haunting darkness throughout the inbuilt put up for the most part of the movie, this is contrasted by the candles the mother walks around with showing how she is the detect to the truth. At the end of the movie when the children become aw be of the truth- that their mother killed them and theyre ghosts the curtains are removed allowing light or the truth to flood into the house. The use of dark and light imagery helps enhance the gothic themes by creating the pettishness and mountain of the film.Another technique used to create a gothic emotional state in the film is symbolism. Symbolism is used to make penetrating hints to what the truth is and to make you feel like things arent what they seem. Some examples are the clothing used in The Others where Grace (the main character) wore dark, long dresses which cover up the majority of her body. These outfit choices were not only used to set the time period of the movie but it was also used a symbol. Her clothing was symbolic of the dark, repressive nature of her society and her internal suffering shown in the dark reds of her dresses. One more example is the constant facial expression of doors which is resemblant of entrapment of the mind and sensiblely. This symbol also is used to depict the hidden hugger-mugger which the family keeps throughout the film and the doorsare only unlocked when the inscrutable is released.The setting was used in the film The Others as the primordial stepping stone to reservation the movie have a gothic feeling to it. The main characters exist in a large home with umteen different secret areas and rooms which are made more secretive by the darkness that the curtains create. These rooms are used to foreshadow for the hidden secrets which are contained in their home. The house is surrounded by a large woodwind which cuts them get rid of from the rest of civilisation, this is used in gothic stories to create a feeling of is olation and to physically represent the mental separation which the family has from the world. Beyond the forest is covered in fog which emphasises the isolation and secrecy which was a key idea which was repeatedly brought up in the film.A common gothic idea which was used in the film The Others was the idea of suffering some(prenominal) physically and psychologically and how they are linked together. Suffering is very a lot used in gothic stories because it shows the inner darkness of the mind and the wickedness of humans. Shown in the film through Grace (the main character) who has been waiting since the state of war finished for her husband to come home. After years the stress of top two children on her own and potentially losing her husband weighs on her and causes a psychological suffering which she cant show in wait of her children or staff. Eventually Grace can no longer live with the pressure of her psychological suffering and she snaps which shows the link between ps ychological and physical suffering and she kills her children and then herself as she can no longer supererogatory living with the thought of what she had done. This traditional gothic idea was used in the movie to show that every day people are undetermined of evil and dark things when pushed.A recurring theme throughout the entire film is a fixation with death. This is an idea used in gothic texts because of its darkness and mystery as no one really knows about what happens when one dies but we know it is the ultimate payment in life. to the highest degree gothic writers are fascinated with it and have a preoccupation with it in stories as it creates a feeling of eeriness and shows that something is not quite right. This is also linked in withsupernatural elements which work as a symbol for death. In The Others supernatural themes and a preoccupation with death are used throughout the entire film from the lingering death of the husband in the war, the book of the dead, the ceme tery which surrounds the house and the constant idea of ghosts. All of these examples were used by the director to create suspense and to slowly build up and lead to the ending of the film.Over all the film The Others used a large range of techniques and gothic conventions in order to captivate the reference and contribute to a scary and unsettling feel over the course of the movie. These techniques are dark and light imagery which emphasises the perception of truth, Symbolism which uncovers the secret themes and ideas of the film and setting which was used to create the idea of isolation. This movie also uses many gothic ideas in order to communicate the gothic themes, these ideas include psychological and physical suffering, preoccupation with death and supernatural elements. All of these conventions were used effectively in order to create the movies gothic feeling.